What is cataract?
Cataract is a medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision. This is associated with aging, it also can affect individuals of all ages. It can develop in one or both eyes but do not spread from one eye to the other.
Causes of Cataract
Several factors contribute to the development of cataracts:
- Aging – most common causes, with over 50% if individuals over the age of 80 experiencing cataracts.
- Genetics – a family of history of cataracts can increase the development of the condition.
- Medical condition – diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are linked to an increased risk of cataracts.
- Trauma – injury to the eye can precipitate the formation of cataracts
- Medications – Prolonged use of corticosteroids and other medications can lead to cataracts.
- Lifestyle Factors – Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light can all increase the risk.
Diagnosis of Cataract
This is done by detailed eye examination which includes checking your eye sight, slit-lamp examination, dilating the pupils to check the retinae and intra-ocular pressure measurement.
Treatment of Cataract
Management depends on the density of the cataract, and its effect on the patient’s quality of life.
Non-Surgical – Early cataracts can be managed with glasses, magnifying glasses and using stronger lights. These are temporary measures.
Surgery – The cataract is removed surgically and replaced with an artificial intraocular lens.
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